Water shortage leads to deaths as South Africa struggles to cope with urban growth

BLOEMHOF, South Africa, Saturday

Three babies who died from drinking tap water contaminated by sewage have become a tragic symbol of South Africa’s struggle to cope with a flood of people into cities designed under apartheid to cater to the tiny white minority.

The poor, as always in the developing world, bear the brunt of water scarcity and irregular access, with parched communities at times erupting in deadly protests.

The three babies, the youngest aged five months, died last month after E. coli bacteria contaminated the drinking water in Bloemhof, a small town southwest of Johannesburg.

Town authorities blamed the contamination on a spillage of raw sewage into a dam that supplies water, resulting in more than 100 people having to be treated for diarrhoea.

“Everybody recognises that the our infrastructure is old. As a small municipality we are also facing financial difficulties,” town council spokesman Oatile Letebele acknowledged.

“It’s a problem that we are grappling with.”

15 BABIES DEAD

An investigation by the City Press newspaper this month revealed that 15 babies had died in a small town in North West province after consuming dirty water. E. coli was again identified as the main source of contamination.

While babies die, communities across the country have in recent months taken to the streets over a lack of water, often with deadly consequences.
The Bloemhof deaths came after rioting in an impoverished township northwest of the capital Pretoria.

Taps in Mothutlung had been dry for days, forcing residents to rely on intermittent supplies from water tankers. People became ill, leading to violent demonstrations during which police shot at protesters. Five people were killed in the clashes, and the police role is under investigation.

The incidents took place weeks before the country voted in its fifth democratic elections, highlighting the social challenges gripping Africa’s most developed economy.

Before the end of the white-minority apartheid regime and the rise to power of the African National Congress in 1994, the access of black people to cities was limited and infrastructure favoured the few.

While the government has admitted “widespread problems” in the water supply chain, it says 90 per cent of the population now has access to clean drinking water.

DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE TARGETS

The Department of Water Affairs said “rapid urbanisation” made it difficult to achieve targets for service delivery but that it was “in the process of revamping the old infrastructure at a huge cost.”

The proportion of South Africa’s population of 52 million living in urban areas increased from 52 per cent in 1990 to 62 per cent in 2011, according to a survey by the South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) last year.

The institute said the major causes of the trend were the freer movement of people since the end of apartheid and the search for jobs, noting that it posed major problems for the provision of services to the new urbanites.