To see Trump’s future, look at Berlusconi’s past

What you need to know:

  • Like Donald Trump, Silvio Berlusconi is a businessman who made his first fortune in real estate. When he entered politics in 1994, he was an outsider, albeit one who, also like Trump, had long been close to plenty of insiders.
  • From Trump, we should expect not just a continued Twitter barrage, but also the use of TV, including talk shows, and other channels to speak directly to the people.
  • In the end, however, there is one key difference between Berlusconi and Trump. Berlusconi had no real agenda while in office. Trump, by contrast, does have an agenda, however hard to read. Whether it will make things better or worse remains to be seen

For the past couple of weeks, the world has been guessing at how US President-elect Donald Trump will behave in office and what policies he will pursue following a long campaign full of contradictory statements.

America’s previous businessman-presidents — Warren G. Harding and Herbert Hoover — were around too long ago to provide much guidance. There is, however, a recent European precedent: Italy’s Silvio Berlusconi.

What Trump has achieved, Berlusconi pioneered. Like Trump, Berlusconi is a businessman who made his first fortune in real estate. When he entered politics in 1994, he was an outsider, albeit one who, also like Trump, had long been close to plenty of insiders.

The similarities do not end there. Both Trump and Berlusconi are intimately familiar with the insides of courtrooms. Trump has about 70 other suits outstanding against him and his businesses. And both have an array of conflicts of interest with their role as head of government, thanks to their business empires.

BYPASSING MEDIA

Berlusconi, like Trump, managed to present himself as a rich man and a populist. He preferred to communicate directly with the people, bypassing traditional media and party structures. His propensity for glamorous women and glitzy homes enhanced his popular appeal.

The comparison between Trump and Berlusconi is far from superficial. In fact, Italy’s experience with Berlusconi — or il cavaliere (the knight), as he is known in his country — provides six clear lessons on what to expect from Trump.

First, no one should underestimate the next US president. He has already defied expectations; few expected him even to win the Republican primary.

Yet many observers continue to predict his imminent downfall, assuming that he will last only four years in the White House, if he is not impeached before that.

Berlusconi, too, has been consistently underestimated by his opponents. Commentators deemed him too ignorant and inexperienced to last as prime minister, assuming that he would not survive the cut and thrust of politics or the pressures of government.

PERMANENT POLITICAL CAMPAIGN

Yet Berlusconi remains one of the kingpins of Italian politics. In the past 22 years, he has won three general elections and served as prime minister for nine years. Every time journalists or intellectuals have tried to take him on in public debate, they have lost. Trump’s critics should keep that in mind.

The second lesson is that Trump will probably pursue what is essentially a permanent political campaign. Berlusconi has often used television, especially his own commercial channels, to that end. Instead of giving interviews he cannot control, Berlusconi has often worked with favoured acolytes or simply talked directly to the camera.

From Trump, we should expect not just a continued Twitter barrage, but also the use of TV, including talk shows, and other channels to speak directly to the people.

Trump’s decision to release a two-and-a-half-minute YouTube video laying out his priorities, in lieu of a press conference, reinforces this reading. While the approach may not seem very presidential, it works, at least when carried out by a master marketer who plays loose with the facts.

VICTIM NARRATIVE

The third lesson from Berlusconi’s success is that even a very wealthy and powerful person can wield the victim narrative effectively. Indeed, even while in office, Berlusconi consistently claimed that he was being attacked by the judiciary, by rival businessmen, by “communists”, by the political establishment.

When the chips are down, expect Trump to do the same. Never mind that he is a billionaire, born to a wealthy family, or that, in the next election, he will be the incumbent. He will consistently portray himself as besieged by self-serving enemies.

The fourth lesson is that mudslinging is bound to happen. Berlusconi’s used his TV stations and newspapers to smear his opponents. Trump’s attacks on the media, often carried out via Twitter, are a precursor to this, as are his campaign vows to “open up” libel laws.

His chief mud-slinger is likely to be his newly appointed chief strategist, Stephen Bannon, the former chair of the ultra right-wing Breitbart News.

LOYALTY ABOVE ALL ELSE

The fifth lesson is that Trump will probably continue to prize loyalty above all else, just as Berlusconi has. Already, Trump has made his three oldest children — who are supposed to run his business during his presidency — key players in his campaign and transition.

Federal law may prohibit Trump from appointing his children to government posts, but they will surely remain at the centre of his decision-making.

Even Trump’s non-family appointments — often controversial or radical figures who would not have a place in any administration except Trump’s — reflect an emphasis on personal loyalty.

The final lesson of Berlusconi is that expressions of admiration for strongmen like Russian President Vladimir Putin should be taken seriously.

PREFERS OTHER STRONG MEN

Narcissistic lone rangers like Berlusconi and Trump are used to making personal deals and prefer other strongmen as their interlocutors.

Berlusconi’s favourite overseas visits while in office were to Putin’s dacha and former Libyan dictator Colonel Muammar Gaddafi’s tent, not to boring European Council meetings or G20 summits.

In the end, however, there is one key difference between Silvio Berlusconi and Donald Trump. Berlusconi had no real agenda while in office, except to further his business and personal interests by providing resources and favours to his supporters.

His greatest disservice to Italians was his inaction in the face of economic stagnation, but at least he did not make it worse.

Trump, by contrast, does have an agenda, however hard to read. Whether it will make things better or worse remains to be seen.

Mr Emmott is a former editor-in-chief of The Economist. Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2016