All about feeding free-range dairy cows for plenty of milk

What you need to know:

  • A livestock feed should provide adequate levels of energy (carbohydrates and oils), protein, roughages, minerals and vitamins. Most importantly, though frequently overlooked, animals require access to sufficient clean water.
  • Energy is the fuel used for all processes like walking and reproduction. Protein is used to make all body organs and it is important for growth and milk production.
  • It is common to increase the amount of feeds expecting a change only to be shocked at the overall lack of improvement. In such a case, the animal is usually receiving an imbalanced diet and the common missing ingredients in the feed are protein, minerals and vitamins.

Two litres of milk for a Sahiwal is on the lower side. Livestock produce milk according to their genetic potential when fed nutritionally balanced and adequate rations, in addition to proper health and husbandry practices.

Animal feed is the single most important input in livestock farming and a key determinant of whether your business shall make profits or losses.

A livestock feed should provide adequate levels of energy (carbohydrates and oils), protein, roughages, minerals and vitamins. Most importantly, though frequently overlooked, animals require access to sufficient clean water.

Energy is the fuel used for all processes like walking and reproduction. Protein is used to make all body organs and it is important for growth and milk production. Vitamins and minerals are required in small proportions, but are very important in a variety of functions in an animal.

For example, calcium and phosphorus supplemented in adequate levels and correct proportions are vital in muscle contraction, bone formation and milk production. Water is important in the maintenance of normal body functions and is key in milk production. A cow needs an average of 25 litres of clean water daily.

You indicated that you increased the rations but you have not seen improvement. It is important to note that the quantity of feeds and balance of nutrients does not necessarily go hand in hand.

LACK OF IMPROVEMENT

It is common to increase the amount of feeds expecting a change only to be shocked at the overall lack of improvement. In such a case, the animal is usually receiving an imbalanced diet and the common missing ingredients in the feed are protein, minerals and vitamins.

Feeds fall into two main groups, namely roughage/forage and concentrates. Roughage/forage is the most common feeds, and includes pasture/hay and fodder crops. However, these have the most variations in nutrient content.

It is, therefore, recommendable that you learn more about other locally available fodder crops and trees that ensure adequate protein is part of the diet. You also need to provide a mineral lick for the animals and visit your local agrovets for vitamin supplements for your cows and feed concencentrates.

Parasite infestation and diseases also depress productivity. It is, therefore, recommended that you consult a registered veterinary professional and livestock production professional for further assistance. 

Free movement of cattle may lead to spreading of parasites, diseases and pests. Excessive movement could mean that your cows are using most of the energy walking around and not for milk production. To reduce the time and energy used for walking, some of the options you may consider include paddocking and zero or semi-zero grazing system.