How Russian doping scandal unfolded

MONACO

The IAAF, track and field's governing body, on Tuesday extended its ban on the Russian athletics federation, first put in place in November 2015.

Here are the main events in the long-running Russian doping controversy:

German broadcaster ARD airs documentary alleging systematic doping in Russian athletics. A week later, Russian athletics chief and the treasurer of world athletics body IAAF, Valentin Balakhnichev, and IAAF marketing consultant Pape Massata Diack, son of then-IAAF president Lamine Diack, step down. The World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) sets up an independent commission headed by its former chief, Dick Pound, to investigate the claims.

ARD airs a second documentary with new accusations aimed at Russian and Kenyan athletes based on a leaked IAAF database with details of 12,000 blood tests from 5,000 competitors which revealed "extraordinary" levels of doping.

Wada's report calls on Russia's track and field team to be banned from international competition, including from the 2016 Rio Olympics, until "state-sponsored" doping is eradicated. The IAAF suspends the Russian athletics team. Wada also suspends Russia's national anti-doping body, Rusada, over non-compliance.

Wada's second report into doping and corruption is published. It says high-ranking IAAF officials must have known about the wide scope of doping.

Grigory Rodchenkov, the former head of Moscow's anti-doping laboratory, goes public with details about an organised Russian doping campaign at the 2014 Sochi Olympics.

Barely two weeks before the Rio Olympics, Canadian law professor Richard McLaren releases an explosive report for Wada outlining state-run Russian doping at Sochi Games and other major sports events. Wada calls for Russia to be banned from Rio.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) stops short of an outright ban and says individual sports federations will have to decide whether to allow Russian athletes.

Second part of McLaren report is published, alleging state-sponsored Russian doping between 2011 and 2015, with sample-tampering at the 2012 London Olympics and Sochi 2014, where Russia topped the medals table.

Vitaly Mutko, Russia's deputy prime minister, uses a speech before the draw for the 2018 World Cup in Russia to slam doping allegations as "an attempt to create an image of an axis of evil".

Following its own investigations, the IOC bans the Russian Olympic Committee from the Pyeongchang Games but says clean Russian athletes will be able to take part as neutral competitors. Mutko receives a lifetime Olympic ban.

Some 168 Russian athletes are cleared by the IOC to take part in the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.

Mutko loses his sports brief in a new government announced less than one month before the start of the Russia-hosted World Cup.

Wada controversially lifts its three-year ban on Rusada, despite not having been granted access to its Moscow laboratory.

The Court of Arbitration of Sport (Cas) then registers an appeal by the Russian athletics federation (Rusaf) against its suspension by IAAF.

Russian sports officials announce that Wada experts will return to Moscow next week to conduct an audit of Rusada.

IAAF extends its ban on the Rusaf, the ninth time since the initial suspension, saying certain criteria for reintegration had not been met.